Endometriosis is a long-term condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) begins to grow outside the womb. This tissue can develop on other organs in the pelvis, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. While endometriosis can affect women of all backgrounds, the way it manifests, the experiences of those living with it, and access to care can vary, particularly in different communities.

What Happens in Endometriosis?

Each month, during the menstrual cycle, the tissue that lines the uterus thickens, breaks down, and sheds. In women with endometriosis, the tissue growing outside the uterus behaves the same way, but it has nowhere to go. This results in inflammation, irritation, and the formation of scar tissue (adhesions). Over time, these processes can lead to chronic pain, infertility, and other health complications.

How Common Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is estimated to affect 1 in 10 women of reproductive age worldwide. However, it often goes undiagnosed for several years due to the nature of its symptoms and the fact that many women believe that painful periods are just a normal part of menstruation. This delay in diagnosis is sometimes even more pronounced in some communities, where symptoms may not be as widely recognised, or where there may be a lack of awareness or cultural differences that affect how women seek help.

Causes of Endometriosis

The exact cause of endometriosis is still unknown, but several factors may contribute to the condition, including:

• Genetics: Endometriosis tends to run in families, suggesting a hereditary component. If a close family member has endometriosis, the risk of developing it may be higher.
• Hormonal factors: Estrogen, a hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle, seems to play a role in the development and growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.
• Immune system issues: Some researchers believe that problems with the immune system might prevent the body from recognising and destroying endometrial-like tissue growing outside the womb.

Endometriosis and Its Impact

Endometriosis affects many areas of life, including physical, emotional, and social well-being. Chronic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility can lead to significant emotional and psychological distress. It is also important to acknowledge that in some communities, cultural barriers or misconceptions about the condition may contribute to delays in diagnosis or a lack of understanding, further impacting women’s mental and physical health.

For many women, the symptoms of endometriosis impact not only their health but also their careers, relationships, and overall quality of life. In certain communities, there may also be specific challenges around healthcare access and awareness, making it harder for women to get the help and support they need. 

Endometriosis in Different Communities

While endometriosis can affect all women, research suggests that ethnic differences might influence the way the condition presents itself. Women from African and Caribbean backgrounds may face unique challenges in terms of access to healthcare and the speed of diagnosis. They may also experience disparities in treatment outcomes, as healthcare providers may not always be fully attuned to the specific cultural or medical needs of these groups.

There is evidence to suggest that misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of endometriosis may be more prevalent in our communitieis. This is often due to a lack of awareness or cultural barriers, such as reluctance to seek help due to stigma or a tendency to dismiss symptoms as “normal” menstrual pain or the fear of not being heard or dismissed when explaining symptoms. As a result, it is especially important for those affected to seek support from healthcare providers who are understanding and responsive to their experiences.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider:

• Chronic pelvic pain, especially if it worsens over time.
• Unusually heavy or prolonged periods.
• Pain during sex or when using the bathroom.
• Difficulty getting pregnant.

Early diagnosis can help to manage symptoms and prevent further complications. Doctors may recommend ultrasound scans, laparoscopic surgery, or other diagnostic tools to confirm the presence of endometrial tissue outside the womb.