Managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often requires a combination of treatment options, including medications, clinical trials, and staying informed about current research. For Black women, access to these treatments and participation in research can sometimes feel like an uphill battle due to systemic disparities. This page is here to help you navigate the latest developments and empower you to advocate for your care.

Medications for MS

While there is no cure for MS yet, several medications are available to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. These treatments work by reducing inflammation, preventing relapses, or protecting nerve function. Common types include:

• Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): Medications like interferons, monoclonal antibodies, and oral agents that help manage relapses and slow progression.
• Symptom Management Medications: Drugs that target specific symptoms, such as spasticity, fatigue, or bladder issues.

Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)

DMTs are medications designed to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses, slow disease progression, and limit new lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Below are some commonly used DMTs:

1. Injectable Medications:
   • Interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif)
   • Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia)
   • Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa)
2. Oral Medications:
   • Fingolimod (Gilenya)
   • Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
   • Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
   • Ozanimod (Zeposia)
   • Siponimod (Mayzent)
3. Infusion Therapies:
   • Natalizumab (Tysabri)
   • Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
   • Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
   • Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)

These therapies vary in their mechanisms, administration methods, and potential side effects. It’s important to work with your healthcare provider to determine which option is best for your specific type of MS and individual needs.

Symptom Management Medications

While DMTs target the disease process, symptom management medications focus on improving quality of life by alleviating specific symptoms of MS:

1. For Fatigue:
   • Amantadine
   • Modafinil (Provigil)
   • Armodafinil (Nuvigil)
2. For Spasticity (Muscle Stiffness or Spasms):
   • Baclofen
   • Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
   • Diazepam (Valium)
   • Dantrolene (Dantrium)
3. For Neuropathic Pain (Burning or Shooting Pain):
   • Gabapentin (Neurontin)
   • Pregabalin (Lyrica)
   • Amitriptyline
4. For Bladder Dysfunction:
   • Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
   • Tolterodine (Detrol)
   • Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
5. For Depression or Mood Changes:
   • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) or fluoxetine (Prozac).
6. For Walking Difficulties:
   • Dalfampridine (Ampyra): Specifically approved to improve walking in MS patients.
7. For Cognitive Symptoms (Memory and Focus Issues):
   • Donepezil (Aricept): Sometimes used off-label for cognitive difficulties in MS.
8. For Tremors or Coordination Issues:
   • Propranolol (Inderal)
   • Isoniazid (INH): Used off-label in some cases.

Note for Black Women

It’s essential to monitor how your body responds to these medications, as Black women may experience different symptom patterns or medication effects. Always advocate for regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider to adjust treatments as needed.

Current Research on a Cure

Researchers worldwide are working tirelessly to uncover the root causes of MS and develop a cure. Promising areas of study include:

• Stem Cell Therapy: Exploring how stem cells can repair damaged nerves and myelin.
• Genetic Research: Identifying genetic markers to better understand MS risk in Black women.
• Neuroprotection Strategies: Developing treatments to protect nerves from damage.
• Immunotherapy: Enhancing the body’s immune system to prevent attacks on the central nervous system.

Empowering Black Women in MS Research

The journey toward a cure requires equitable representation in studies and research. Black women face unique challenges in MS progression, and ensuring that these differences are studied is critical to developing treatments that work for everyone.

What You Can Do

• Talk to your doctor about medications and trials that might be right for you.
• Explore reputable clinical trial registries like ClinicalTrials.gov.
• Connect with advocacy groups focused on MS and diversity in healthcare research.